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Communication interculturelle et littérature, 3, 7, 2009 :

Communication interculturelle et littérature, 3, 7, 2009 : "Discours critique et littérature dans les époques totalitaires"

Publié le par Matthieu Vernet (Source : Alina Crihana)

Communication interculturelle et littérature

No. 3 (7)

2009

Juillet-Août-Septembre

Centre de recherche Communication interculturelle et Littérature

Université “Dunarea de Jos”, Galati, Roumanie

Faculté des Lettres

Actes du Colloque International Discours critique et littérature dans les époques totalitaires

5-6 juin 2009

Sommaire

Littérature et interculturalité

9

Andrei Carmen - Considérations sur une idéologie érudite du XVIIe siècle: le libertinisme

11

Antofi Simona - Représentations mythiques et images emblématiques dans la poésie roumaine des années ‘50

Antofi Simona - Mitul poetului național în discursul critic al epocii comuniste

Anton Mariana - Jurnalul postbelic – formă de reconstrucţie a trecutului

17

21

25

Costandache Elena - Lumini și umbre literare: pașoptiștii între ideal și putere politică

33

Crînganu Nicoleta - Istoria ca basm pe dos în „Istoria ieroglifică” a lui Dimitrie Cantemir

Crăciun Cristian - Meditaţie şi istorie în Memento mori : Cetatea, ruina, sensul

39

49

Crihană Alina - De la „canonul” realist socialist la recuperarea maeştrilor: ipostaze ale discursului critic în Viaţa românească din 1954

Crihană Alina - Littérature, critique et utopie dans „Scânteia” et „Scânteia tineretului” de 1956

Drăgoi Mirela - « L'idéologie » du texte fantastique français

Guțu Ana - Les clichés du totalitarisme: des langues et des identités dans l'espace de la République de Moldova

55

63

69

77

Ifrim Nicoleta - Relecturi ale modelelor literare în perioada comunistă – ideologie și ficțiune în Viața românească a anului 1958

85

Ifrim Nicoleta - Stereotipii ideologice și tematice în discursul critic al Vieții românești – anul 1958

Ioana Nicolae - Câteva aspecte ale politizării criticii literare în deceniul cinci

91

97

Marcu Matei Doina - Autori și literatură în anul 1950 în revistele Contemporanul, Flacăra și Scânteia

Marcu Matei Doina - Figura celor care construiesc noua societate-literatură în Scînteia anului 1949

101

107

Milea Doiniţa - Le réalisme poétique d'une réalité sociale contraignante - le premier Congrès des Ecrivains de la République Populaire Roumaine, 1956

Milea Doiniţa - Le roman historique des maîtres - une perspective de l'époque du

réalisme socialiste

Miţariu Christina Andreea - Metamorfozele erosului în poezia proletcultistă

113

121

131

Niţă Elena – Utopie și distopie politică în Bunavestire și Săptămâna nebunilor

Pătrașcu Andreea - Condiția intelectualului la Marin Preda

Radu Daniela - Discursul ritualizant şi mitologizant al presei comuniste româneşti

137

145

151

Tofan Onorica - Personnage et société en dialogue dans la prose de Marin Preda et de Mircea Nedelciu

Țuca Marius - Occasional poetry in the first five years (1965-1970) of Ceausescu's era

161

169

Interférences et connexions linguistiques

175

Alaman Eugenia - Le discours politique dans les systèmes totalitaires. Du slogan politique à la manipulation communicative

Apostolatu Ionel - Câteva aspecte privind derivarea postsintagmatică sau delocutivă

Bălteanu Valeriu - Interferenţe spirituale în cadrul sărbătorilor scenariului hristic

Bejan Doina Marta - Le langage de la poésie apologétique communiste

177

183

191

195

Bogdan Daniela – The Communism, a ”Vintage” Product for Advertisers, the Key to Success for the Brands before ‘89

Cenac Oana Magdalena - Reflectarea mentalităţilor în vocabularul românesc actual

199

205

Cîrnu Mihaela - Die rumänische Presse der 80er Jahre: Struktur und Zensur

209

Damian Matei - Character Types in Mihail Sebastian's “Newspaper Works”

Ilie Zanfir - Stereotipii în discursul mediatic al epocii totalitare (un studiu de caz)

215

219

Necula Gina - Clişeul lingvistic ca strategie retorică în discursul ideologic

Necula Gina - Perspective de analiză a limbii de lemn

Negoiță Cătălin - Campania militară a României în Bulgaria -1913-

225

237

247

Preda Sorin - Pragmatism sau literatură? Ĩn căutarea specificităţii limbajului de presă

Şorcaru Daniela - Establishing Original Linguistic Clichés against Present-Day Totalitarianism

255

265

Vâlcu Angelica - Théorie et pratique dans les programmes de formation de traducteurs et/ou d'interprètes de conférence

Didactică

Alecu SimonaThe Educational Politics and the Curricular Changes of the Romanian Learning System

Alexandrache Carmen – Sursele medievale și discursul istoric în România comunistă - o perspectivă de abordare critică

Barna Iuliana - Impactul factorului politic asupra studierii literaturii române în şcoala anilor '50

Caciuc-Torii Viorica - Reflecţii ale eticii ecologice în literatura totalitaristă

Țocu Rodica - Influenţa personajelor literare asupra formării identităţii de gen

271

275

277

281

289

293

303

Comptes-rendus

307

Costandache Elena - La pensée du romanThomas Pavel, Éditions Gallimard, 2003

Entretiens

De vorbă cu Lucian Chișu (Cuvânt de deschidere a Conferinței Internaționale „Discurs critic și literatură în epocile totalitare”)

Rezidurile totalitarismului sau Cum literatura iese din containerul estic – Interviu acordat de Elena Prus

309

315

317

325

Résumés / Abstracts

329

Résumés / Abstracts

Considérations sur une idéologie érudite du XVIIe siècle: le libertinisme

Lect.dr. Carmen Andrei

Universitatea « Dunărea de Jos », Galați

Résumé : Dans le premier quart du siècle, les écrivains libertins se font remarquer par les imprécations et les blasphèmes contre les mythes antiques et les histoires bibliques. À l'époque de la Fronde s'esquisse un libertinage extravagant, injurieux et blasphématoire. La révolte contre la religion et la pratique volontaire de moeurs dissolues sont les constantes du comportement libertaire de cette génération. La liberté se veut totale: spirituelle, morale et sensuelle.

Représentations mythiques et images emblématiques dans la poésie roumaine des années ‘50

Prof.dr.Antofi Simona

Universitatea « Dunărea de Jos », Galaţi

Abstract: Within the social-realism ideology, the critical and literary discourse of the 50's has to radically elude the aesthetic so as to enter the ideological milieu. The occasional poetry turned into a propaganda instrument for educating the masses through its way of displaying the conscious simplicity and the rudimentary poetic strategies, reflects the modifications of the whole literary field. Thus, poetry becomes the way of re-adjusting national mythology so as to enhance the myths of the new world / man originated in the Soviet pattern

Mitul poetului național în discursul critic al epocii comuniste

Prof.dr.Antofi Simona

Universitatea « Dunărea de Jos », Galați

Résumé : La récupération de l'image identitaire-symbolique du poète Mihai Eminescu et son transfert dans le mythe du poète de génie a, par rapport au dogme du réalisme socialiste, la fonction de fonder une autre mythologie nationale. La nouvelle littérature – de la nouvelle époque, l'époque socialiste – avait besoin d'une tradition qui puisse fonder, en Roumanie, par une histoire faussée, la doctrine politique et l'idéologie du parti communiste. En accompagnant le discours poétique d'Eminescu, le discours critique change, lui aussi, pour pouvoir se subordonner totalement à la mission politique qu'on lui impose.

Jurnalul postbelic – formă de reconstrucţie a trecutului politic

Drd. Mariana Anton

Colegiul Național “Vasile Alecsandri” Galați

Abstract: The various forms that past-war Romanian literature took should not be denied either accepted in bulk. Among these, the diary becomes a guide for a period which still lies in the darkness of ignorance. It depends on the reader to what extend will or will he not remain the slave of the subjective confessions or if he will sort them through the filter of his own experiences or readings, in a way that rebuilding the historical past is possible.

Lumini și umbre literare: pașoptiștii între ideal și putere politică

Asist. drd. Costandache Ana-Elena

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Résumé : Ce travail a, comme objet d'étude, un double but: celui de traiter, d'une part, les points forts de la modernité des idéaux et des formes idéalisées de la génération de 1848 et, d'autre part, les points faibles des oeuvres littéraires qui, marquées par les événements sociopolitiques de l'époque, n'ont pas abandonné les valeurs traditionnelles, populaires, l'histoire et la nature roumaines, c'est-à-dire tout ce qui se constituait en thèmes de prédilection des artistes, mais ils leur ont rajouté une thèse, illustration d'une prise de position morale. Les intellectuels ont commencé, peu à peu, à soumettre leurs oeuvres aux doctrines politiques, ce qui a mené à l'affirmation des idées révolutionnaires. Dans ce contexte, la littérature s'est dévoilée comme démocratique, nationale, ayant le but de modeler un public lecteur selon les idées sociales et politiques de cette époque-là. C'est ainsi que l'identité littéraire des écrivains constitue une alternative aux pratiques et aux programmes politiques, expression d'un pari orgueilleux à faire.

Istoria ca basm pe dos în Istoria ieroglifică a lui Dimitrie Cantemir

Lect.dr. Nicoleta Crînganu

Universitatea “Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze Cantemir's “Istoria ieroglifică”, by comparing it with the fairy tale structures, whose it pays tribute. I shan't insist on the historical nature of the text, but on the fictional structures, that would frame the story into the animal tale category. Nevertheless, the fairy tale is supposed to have a stereotypical structure, consisting in an initial equilibrium, the breakup of the initial equilibrium, the hero's trip in order to restore the initial equilibrium, restoring the initial equilibrium and the reward of the hero. “Istoria ieroglifică” doesn't follow this structure. Moreover, the protagonist, which the folkloric fairy tale is the first character appearing in the text, in Dimitrie Cantemir's work is ignored for more than one third of the text. Meanwhile, the antagonist, introduce in the tale in the sequence of the breaking the initial equilibrium, in Cantemir's story comes in the first stage from the beginning. Thinking of Cantemir's characters in another way, making Struţocămila the protagonist, one can observe that the hybrid animal is a turned inside out hero. The final conflict solving doesn't enlighten the situation, as Struţocămila is abolished and the Inorog receives a very small payment for his fight, the kingdom being obtained by Filul, a degraded hero into a degraded world also. The reverted structure of the tale associates to with the elements of absurd in the text, that suggests a subjective perspective of the author over the reality that he observes and the text he writes. It follows that the history is a reverted fairy tale.

Meditație și istorie în Memento mori : Cetatea, ruina, sensul

Drd.Cristian Crăciun

Universitatea « Dunărea de Jos », Galați

Abstract: The above text tries to catch the meaning of Eminescu's entire poetry by presenting both informing of flowerished civilizations and, at the same theme, their sad disappearance as the greatly does in the poem Memento Mori. The poem's analysis explains the poetical meaning whitch death has in it and, there is to be mentioned the fact that death is not only decoded in ruins and dust, but also it defames the central metaphors of the entire text. Death defines the poem as the best elaborated lyrical phenomenology in Romanian literature. By using unique imaginary constructions, the poem best depicts Eminescu's major téme and, why not, his obsession: Time better said overwelming of theme, getting out of it.

De la „canonul” realist socialist la recuperarea maeştrilor: ipostaze ale discursului critic în Viaţa românească din 1954

Lect. dr. Alina Crihană

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos” din Galaţi

Résumé : Une année après la mort de Staline, dans la Roumanie communiste, les « réaménagements » politiques ayant pour but une consolidation symbolique du pouvoir entraînent un premier « dégel » sur le plan culturel, dont les conséquences sont, au niveau du discours critique, une tentative de restructuration du panthéon littéraire. Par-delà les exigences doctrinaires subordonnées au dogme soviétique du réalisme socialiste, les études et les articles critiques publiés dans La Vie roumaine enregistrent cet effort de récupération des modèles littéraires du passé, soumis à une relecture idéologique.

Littérature, critique et utopie dans „Scânteia” et „Scânteia tineretului” de 1956

Lect. dr. Alina Crihană

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Résumé : L'année 1956 marque, dans le champ culturel roumain, un moment de rééchelonnement, conséquence d'une tentative de « reforme » envisagée par le gouvernement Dej, en particulier après la publication du célèbre rapport secret de N. Khrouchtchev sur les crimes de Staline. Sans s'écarter des principes jdanoviens concernant la littérature engagée sur la voie « royale » du réalisme socialiste, le discours critique, tel que l'on peut repérer dans la presse politique de l'époque, porte les traces d'une orientation « révisionniste » qui suppose une réévaluation de l'héritage littéraire du passé. Cette tentative de récupération du passé, mise aux services de l'idéologie officielle, sert à la légitimation symbolique du pouvoir, qui s'était construit une image selon le modèle de l'utopie politique lénino-stalinienne. Dans le discours critique de l'année 1956, l'utopie livresque parvient donc à légitimer l'utopie totalitaire.

« L'idéologie » du texte fantastique français

Lector dr. Mirela Drăgoi

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos” Galați

Résumé : La littérature fantastique se développe au XIXe siècle comme une interrogation scientifique sur la nature de l'homme et sur sa place dans la société. Elle traduit une vision historiquement déterminée, se présentant comme un refuge contre la réalité « vraie » de la société industrielle et du rationalisme. Quelques noms sonores du XXe siècle ont essayé de poser les assises théoriques de ce genre et de mettre à jours ses origines. Même s'il y a autant de définitions du fantastique que de personnes qui s'y sont intéressées, on peut observer dans la démarche des théoriciens deux points communs: l'étude poursuivie des procédés propres au genre et l'intérêt porté à l'ancrage du fantastique dans le réel.

Les clichés du totalitarisme: des langues et des identités dans l'espace de la République de Moldova

Ana Guțu, docteur, professeur universitaire,

Université Libre Internationale de Moldova

Rezumat: Autoarea propune o incursiune în tema funcţionării limbii române pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova în perioada totalitarismului sovietic şi descrie atât consecinţele formării clişeelor lingvistice ale epocii, cât şi repercusiunile îndoctrinării sovietice asupra creaţiilor literare. Pornind de la ideea că limba este un puternic instrument de socializare, dar şi de politizare a societăţii, autoarea demonstrează în baza experienţei lingvistice şi literare a trecutului totalitar, pertinenţa fenomenului şi în zilele noastre, când angajamentul venal în favoarea totalitarismului continuă să producă mutanţi servili neo-comunismului într-un spaţiu de facto românesc, dar, bântuit încă de confuzia lingvistică şi identitară.

Relecturi ale modelelor literare în perioada comunistă – ideologie și ficțiune în Viața românească a anului 1958

Lect.dr.Ifrim Nicoleta

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos” Galați

Abstract : Viaţa românească of the year 1958 presents a critical discourse in which the canonic literary models are politically revised in order to enhance a newly occurred order in valuating the artistic work. Thus the ideological premises turn into textual rules of constructing the imaginary fictional worlds in which certain writing traits have to direct the artistic act itself.

Stereotipii ideologice și tematice în discursul critic al Vieții românești – anul 1958

Lect.dr.Ifrim Nicoleta

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos” Galați

Abstract: The critical discourse of Viaţa românească of the year 1958 enhances the acute issue of political intrusion within the literary texts which re-values the fictional universe presented. From this point of view, the literature of the period gets to a turning point where writing becomes ideology and ideology becomes writing, making up its own thematic and ideological stereotypes.

Câteva aspecte ale politizarii criticii literare în deceniul cinci

Prof.univ. dr. Nicolae Ioana

Universitatea « Dunărea de Jos », Galați

Résumé: Après la “libération” de 23 août 1944, la culture roumaine sera transformée en instrument de propagande politique, étant investie d'une fonction médiatrice entre le discours légitimateur du pouvoir et une société qui devait être manipulée et rééduquée. Dans ce contexte sociopolitique et culturel, la critique dogmatique des années '50, échafaudée sur le réalisme socialiste soviétique, mettra en discussion, à travers une relecture / reconsidération de la tradition littéraire et critique du passé, la légitimité des critères esthétiques (descendant du modèle représenté par Titu Maiorescu) et des méthodes fondées sur ceux-ci, en particulier de celle de E. Lovinescu.

Autori și literatură în anul 1950 în revistele Contemporanul, Flacăra și Scânteia

Drd. Doina Marcu Matei

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Abstract: In the first years of Communism all writers had to adapt to the new requirements of socialism, to admit to their lack of ideological ideas, to rewrite according to the rules imposed by the party; poems contained lots of stanzas, narration referred to the plan fulfillment in factories and plants and critics commented drastically upon the press of the time.

Figura celor care construiesc noua societate-literatură în Scînteia anului 1949

Drd. Doina Marcu Matei

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Abstract: Communism represented a horrible dream and people woke up from it with great effort after almost one century of suffering and terror. Being obedient was of utmost importance. Murder became legal in the name of the communist ideals. Betrayal became a virtue. The facade of political trial made death common place. People lost their ideals on the way. The Cold War split Europe which was still suffering after a devastating conflagration. Words were carefully chosen and used. People almost lost their identity. The in famous clichés of propaganda invaded the literature of the age. Artistic creation was put under constraint and all intellectuals had to comply with the rules imposed by the party or suffer the consequences.

Le réalisme poétique d'une réalité sociale contraignante-le premier Congrès des Ecrivains de la République Populaire Roumaine, 1956

Prof. dr. Milea Doinița

Universitatea « Dunărea de Jos », Galați

Abstract: At the Romanian Writers Congress held in june 1956 in Bucharest, a special place has been granted to discussing Romanian literature of the period in interventions held by the most important figures of the time such as Mihail Sadoveanu. The problems analyzed by Paul Georgescu in his literary rapport enhance the studies on ideologically involved writers such as Mihai Beniuc or Maria Banuş (in poetry), Petru Dumitriu or Zaharia Stancu (in prose), as well as Vitner's critical view on the idealistic aesthetics.

Le roman historique des maîtres-une perspective de l'époque du réalisme socialiste

Prof. dr. Milea Doinița

Universitatea « Dunărea de Jos », Galați

Résumé : La pratique culturelle de l'époque du réalisme socialiste est marquée par des rapports plus étroits de l'homme avec l'histoire, les constructions idéologiques explicites, les jeux du pouvoir participant à la construction du discours intellectuel et littéraire. La littérature roumaine ,,engagée”, est un résonateur et vecteur des exigences et des clichés idéologiques soviétiques en répertoire national¸ la critique assumant une fonction médiatrice, entre le pouvoir et les créateurs. Des tensions sociales auxquelles les intellectuels/les écrivains sont confrontés déterminent leurs choix idéologiques et leurs modèles-des thèmes, des héros, des attitudes devant les nécessités historiques. Transfert étrange de personnalité, qui parle de l'implication de l'auteur dans son oeuvre, l'image d'une conscience impuissante à sortir de du réel historique, entre le conformisme et l'assimilation. Dans cet esprit, la littérature a un caractère marqué du point de vue sociopolitique, tout en récupérant derrière les constructions fictives, des thèmes récurrents de la politique des engagements sociaux, le roman historique devenant un roman à thèse, à mesure que les écrivains se mettent au service du pouvoir communiste.

Metamorfozele erosului în poezia proletcultistă

Lector dr. Christina Andreea Miţariu

Univ. Creştină „Dimitrie Cantemir”, Timişoara

Résumé : Une fois finie la Seconde Guerre Mondiale et installé le régime communiste, la littérature acquerra un rôle bien déterminé dans la propagande politique, jouant le rôle de "véhicule" chargé de la propagation de la nouvelle idéologie. Elle devait mobiliser les masses pour participer à l'édification du nouveau monde et soutenir le pouvoir politique par des créations élogieuses dédiées aux dirigeants et au parti, oeuvres caractérisées très souvent par la précarité des idées enveloppées dans des clichés linguistiques ridicules. Le modernisme occidentalisant est condamné à l'époque du Proletkult; il est accusé de formalisme, d'esthétisme, d'hermétisme, de cosmopolitisme, de décadentisme, autant des réminiscences de l'esprit bourgeois. Les poètes du Proletkult estiment "difficile" et "risqué" d'écrire sur l'amour, sur la bien-aimée, sur ses sentiments intimes ou sur leur propre bonheur. L'amour est presque toujours représenté comme un calcul rationnel, la bien-aimée - une brave ouvrière, la seule variante acceptée étant l'amour partagé, victorieux. Les accents de tristesse, de déception, d'angoisse semblaient être interdits pour un héros de la classe ouvrière qui ne pouvait pas être contrôlé par la faiblesse et qui ne pouvait pas se permettre le luxe du romantisme ou de la mélancolie. Le héros de la poésie de propagande est un type d'action, jamais un méditatif ou un rêveur. D'une manière contradictoire, l'expression des sentiments et des pensées était austère, entièrement impropre à la poésie (lyrique) d'amour.

Utopie și distopie politică în Bunavestire și Săptămâna nebunilor

Drd. Niţă S. Elena

Universitatea ,,Dunărea de Jos” Galaţi

Résumé: Nicolae Breban, tout comme Eugen Barbu ont été attirés par le thème du pouvoir et de la domination, mais ils prennent distance de la narration allégorique et de la critique envers le régime communiste. Les romans L'Annonciation et La Semaine des fous sont centrés sur la relation entre l'individu et l'histoire, vue comme un exemple de la soumission humaine. Sous le masque du social et de l'histoire, les textes présentent le combat que l'individu mène contre l'imminence de la mort, contre la tyrannie vue comme pouvoir de la mort, comme défaite de l'animé. La vie tombe dans le néant spirituel tout comme l'épique s'abandonne au lyrique pour bien focaliser l'humain. Pour les deux écrivains la vie est définie en termes oximoroniques par l'imminence de la mort, tout comme l'animé prend contour par la description de l'inanimé. La politique, la tyrannie deviennent un jeu réciproque dans lequel l'histoire et l'individu sont, à tour de rôles, le domestique et le maître: la vie est garantie par la mort comme une hypostase de la chronologie et l'histoire prend ses racines de la mémoire de l'homme. L'amour devient le chemin vers la mort, une force par laquelle l'homme est séduit et dévoré, mais l'existence en dehors est comprise comme une situation externe à la diégèse et, par conséquent, en dehors de la vie.

La condition de l'intellectuel saisie par Marin Preda

Masterand Pătraşcu Andreea

Universitatea “Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Résumé: Notre travail vise à une analyse du roman Viaţa ca o pradă écrit par Marin Preda, en particulier de la vision sur la condition humaine modelée par le contexte sociopolitique de la dictature communiste. Le livre surprend les profondeurs de la mentalité totalitaire, dans les conditions de l'intrusion du politique dans tous les domaines de la vie. A peine dissimulée dans le récit du roman autobiographique susmentionné, la critique des abus du régime revient dans les interviews réunis par Florin Mugur dans Convorbiri cu Marin Preda, dont les thèmes récurrents sont la privation de liberté de l'artiste, la rigidité intellectuelle des idéologues du parti et l'obturation de l'imagination créative en faveur des matrices littéraires préétablies.

Discursul ritualizant şi mitologizant al presei comuniste româneşti

Masterand Radu Daniela

Universitatea “Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Abstract: The Communist age creates its own language and literature, enhancing different types of literary and linguistic manipulatory strategies.

Personnage et société en dialogue dans la prose

de Marin Preda et de Mircea Nedelciu

Drd. Onorica Tofan

Universitatea “Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Abstract: The postmodernism reevaluates the past from a pluralist point of vie, that is through various moods gathered in a dialogue with the forms of tradition. A part of Nedelciu's characters become intertextual retorts of the novel ‘'Morometii'' by Marin Preda, being related more or less to the social realities. Thus, Moromete can be found in old Calafoc, in Vasile Sava, a dislocated of the history, or in any other ‘'grey hats'', those characters taken from the village and projected in the space of the urban factories, those who are no longer peasants or city dwellers. After searching for the inner self in the two worlds, the young people choose to remain near the factory, trying then hard to find a house; the older ones would rather swing between ''at home'' and ''at the factory'', giving up the name of peasant, in the meantime not winning the name of townsman, thus being situated in an area of border. And, because there is no one left to gather the crops of the Agricultural Production Co-operative, it is time the young recruits were brought, this time by truck and only temporary, to face the  land. Through its experimental nature, Marin Preda proves that the reference to the literary models does not presuppose destroying them, but an intellectual dialogue with the dynamic of the work and authors through textual engineering; anyway the world of the text is a Utopian one –being more or less positive.

Occasional poetry in the first five years (1965-1970) of Ceausescu's era

Drd. Marius Ţuca

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Résumé : Existence parallèle ou partie intégrante de la poésie de l'époque totalitaire ? L'immense quantité de productions rimées, nées exclusivement de la nécessité de contrôler au niveau mental les masses, acquiert une légitimité littéraire du moins en raison de son appartenance théorique au genre de la poésie patriotique, dont l'existence est attestée depuis longtemps dans l'histoire de la culture. La poésie occasionnelle communiste, intimement liée aux événements les plus divers (accomplissements magistraux, anniversaires de ces accomplissements ou, tout simplement, événements quotidiens, calamités, circonstances exceptionnelles), ne peut pas être séparée du mouvement littéraire de l'époque, profondément marqué par le politique. Elle peut être, tout au plus, isolée et analysée dans le contexte politique.

Le discours politique dans les systèmes totalitaires. Du slogan politique à la manipulation communicative

Conf.dr.Eugenia Alaman

Universitatea „Dunãrea de Jos”, Galaţi

Résumé : L'analyse du discours politique porte sur le contenu idéologique mais surtout sur les mécanismes de la communication et les fondements discursifs de la légitimité. Cependant, dans les régimes totalitaires de droite ou de gauche il ne s'agit pas d'une réalité historique à un moment donné, mais d'une réalité souhaitable, de l'utopie communiste, toujours envisagée, jamais accomplie. La seule instance où la réalité souhaitée devient réalisée est une fiction officielle, réalisée par des clichés linguistiques qui tachent d'imposer un rapport de confiance entre peuple et pouvoir.

Câteva aspecte privind derivarea postsintagmatică sau delocutivă

Lect. drd. Ionel Apostolatu

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Abstract. The paper presents a formative lexical technique less studied in the Romanian linguistics: the so-called post-syntagmatic or delocutive derivation. The basis of this type of derivation is a noun that functions as part of a phrase belonging to the repeated discourse. The result is a new verb that, by condensation, takes over the meaning of the initial expression that is to be substituted in the discourse. Although it has a far less productivity than other derivative structural types (yet, an important development has been registered in the past decades, especially in the familiar-argotic language), the post-syntagmatic derivation illustrates the way speakers act for communicative and expressive purposes. A better understanding of the post-syntagmatic derivation mechanism could also clarify the etymology of some Romanian delocutive verbs.

Interferenţe spirituale în cadrul sărbătorilor scenariului hristic

Lect.dr. Valeriu Bălteanu

Universitatea “Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Abstract: Our paper talks about the feasts from the Christian scenario and their main characteristics; the different types of pre-Christian elements that contribute, together with the Christian ones, to the sketching of the spiritual profile of these feasts, are obvious.

Le langage de la poésie apologétique communiste

Conf.dr. Doina Marta Bejan

Universitatea « Dunărea de Jos », Galați

Résumé : Notre travail se propose une analyse des éléments de vocabulaire devenus clichés dans la poésie de l'époque communiste, processus qui entraîne la perte de la valeur esthétique du texte.

The Communism, a ”Vintage” Product for Advertisers, the Key to Success for the Brands before ‘89

Asist.drd.Daniela Bogdan

Universitatea « Dunărea de Jos », Galați

Abstract: Advertisers compare Communism with an orange juice, put into bottles by several different companies. Some of them consider it to be yummy, others say it is healty, and others consider it good for the skin.  A brand is finding its position on the market, focusing on one single quality of the product. So, Lenin is associated with the idea of political utopia, he represents the idealist communist, Stalin is the symbol of repression and Gorbaciov stands for the death of communism, but in the same time the failure of the reform. The Romanian communism gave us a single brand, well known even abroad: Ceausescu, the Dictator. Still not a stable brand, as the history hasn't decided yet: he represents the man having the courage to confront the Russians in 1968, the one who wanted to change the country completely (he made bridges, block of flats and factories) but also the megalomaniac dictator who sent the intellectuals to slavery in prisons.  As a product, all the advertisers agree that communism has a vintage value. Especially for those youngsters who didn't experience it, communism is like the hippie movement. Nowadays, advertising fully exploits the fact that, for a certain consumer, the communism can be cool. For example, a kid seeing the commercial on ROM Tricolor chocolate will find hilarious the fact that Ceausescu appears, speaking in a characteristic manner, among people. The sequence with that gorilla cutting off a rocker's hair – also in a commercial for ROM Tricolor – was considered “cool” by the young generation and had a great impact on the product selling. Advertisers quickly understood the idea, and used communism to arise nostalgia in commercials for Bucegi beer and also for Imperial Votka.

Reflectarea mentalităţilor în vocabularul românesc actual

Asist.drd. Cenac Oana Magdalena

Universitatea “Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Abstract: The approach of the linguistic phenomena, especially the changes occurring at the vocabulary level from the language philosophy perspective, can explain a whole range of facts which are in close connection with the study of mentalities. The purpose of our paper is to prove this hypothesis by analyzing the meanings of two Romanian verbs as they have been recorded in different dictionaries along decades.

Die rumänische Presse der 80er Jahre: Struktur und Zensur

Lect.dr.Mihaela Cîrnu,

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Abstract: During the communist regime, the press had also an informative role. But that was more of an exception. The press was part of the propaganda, just like the censorship. The institution in charge of controlling the press and filtering information was the General Directorate for Press and Printings. Official mouthpieces of the Romanian Communist Party, the newspapers Scanteia and Romania Libera became active in the late 1940s, together with other pro-Communist papers set up by collaborationist journalists and intellectuals. The Romanian Radio Broadcasting Corporation became a key instrument of the propaganda. The press was supposed to report on the new regime's accomplishments and on the actions of the Communist Party's political opponents, to praise the new man and stigmatize the bourgeois behaviour.

Character Types in Mihail Sebastian's “Newspaper Works”

Prep. drd. Matei Damian

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Abstract: This paper is aimed at bringing forth a number of characters forming the world of the play Ultima oră, by Mihail Sebastian. As the characters are strongly designed upon their actions and gestures within the plot, one can draw a map of features shared by most of the figures sustaining the plot, as well as classifying these figures in some character schemes. For instance, every editorial office has a chief editor; how does he act? What does the balance between his appearance and his actions look like, as far as his attributions are concerned? This kind of questions should be answered to in the following paper, continuously tracing the literary fact.

Stereotipii în discursul mediatic al epocii totalitare (un studiu de caz)

Drd. Zanfir Ilie

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Abstract : Censorship has always been functional within the public discourse. During the Communist age, it gets different faces from literary ideology to language structures.

Clişeul lingvistic ca strategie retorică în discursul ideologic

Lect. dr. Gina Necula

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos” Galați

Abstract: This paper tries to focus on linguistic clichés of the communist ideology as weapons against thinking, as a rhetoric strategy meant to implement the wooden language. From this point of view, the most interesting examples seem to be the dialogue based texts created by some writers that prove the wooden language as a violent way of communicating through linguistic pattern. Linguistic violence proves an efficient means of persuading, in fact manipulating people's mind so this is how we explain politicians' appetite for this form of expressing thoughts.

Perspective de analiză a limbii de lemn

Lect. dr. Gina Necula

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos” Galați

Abstract: When analyzing the wooden language one can easily see that traditional ways of communicating through linguistic patterns are driven towards their extremes because the clichés are used by the representatives of the political power as a smoking screen in order to block access to and perception of reality. The present article tries to present points of view upon the wooden language.

Campania militară a României în Bulgaria

-1913-

Lect.dr.Negoiță Cătălin

Universitatea ”Dunărea de Jos”, Galați

Résumé: La Conférence de paix de Bucarest de 1886 et celle de 1913 ont eu au centre de leurs préoccupations exclusivement des questions regardant la région des Balkans. Les deux conférences ont été convoquées au moment où était menacé l'équilibre des forces régionales, de la paix et de la sécurité au sud du Danube, mais aussi sur le plan européen. La seconde réunion de ce genre, celle de Bucarest (17/30 juillet – 27 juillet/9 août 1913), allait accroître le prestige de la Roumanie sur le plan diplomatique et militaire, en tant qu'arbitre incontestable des Balkans. L'intervention militaire de la Roumanie au sud du Danube en 1913 a été considérée comme l'accomplissement d'un vrai mandat européen, qui consacrait le rôle d'un petit État en tant que facteur d'équilibre régional, dans des conditions où les grandes puissances s'avéraient incapables d'imposer la paix aux États appartenant à la Ligue balkanique. En ce qui concerne le caractère de cette action militaire, qui a influé sur la fin du conflit interbalkanique, il y eut, dans la période immédiatement après la Conférence de paix, des disputes ardentes entre historiens, hommes politiques, diplomates et juristes.

Pragmatism sau literatură ? Ĩn căutarea specificităţii limbajului de presă

Lect.dr.Sorin Preda

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos”, Galați

Abstract: The present paper starts from a rightful but without a definite answer question: is there or is not there a particular press language? Developing H Plett und J. Habermans' theories, the present paper offers some reason not to consider the journalistic language (especially the news' language) as a specialized appendix of literature: the absence of special continuum, minimum text extension samd.

Establishing Original Linguistic Clichés against Present-Day Totalitarianism

Lect.dr. Daniela Şorcaru

Universitatea “Dunărea de Jos” Galaţi

Abstract: Setting our perspective beyond the traditional perception of the very concept of totalitarianism, we may consider such an issue as establishing original linguistic clichés against present-day totalitarianism as metaphorically rendering the status of Standard English, playing the part of the totalitarian regime, and that of ‘Black' English, which has indeed been setting original linguistic landmarks for quite some time.

Théorie et pratique dans les programmes de formation

de traducteurs et/ou d'interprètes de conférence

Conf.dr. Angelica Vâlcu

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos”, Galați

Résumé : Le présent article expose quelques points de vue sur les stratégies de formation des traducteurs et des interprètes de conférence, à l'université. L'idée essentielle de notre étude est celle qu'aucun programme de formation de traducteurs et d'interprètes de conférence n'est viable sans une préparation théorique approfondie et sans l'acquisition des compétences fondamentales nécessaires à ce métier. Dans l'exercice du métier de traducteur et/ou d'interprète de conférence, la théorie et la pratique sont solidaires et complémentaires.

The Educational Politics and the Curricular Changes of the Romanian Learning System

Conf. univ. dr. Simona Alecu

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos”, Galați

Abstract: In a society of information, where knowledge and creativity represent the key factors, the investment in the human's capital must become an assumed priority to the level of educational policy. Thus, the increasing of the quality in the educational domain presupposes, the reconsidering of the policies, of the patterns and the formation of the strategies, as well as the developing of the human resources, that would contribute to the competitively stimulation and cooperation, at promoting the innovation, of the changing, of flexible formation, as well as to the revaluation of the new informational and communicational technologies. The analysis of education – society relationship, of the impact social changes have on school, must consider the specific way changes are made in the educations system, the fact they are not the immediate and direct objectivation of social requirements, but they are mediated and often distorted by the internal logic of the educational system. The social logic and the logic of education do not always converge, as the internal logic of the education system is the result of its history, result of successive systematizations that generate an assembly of pedagogical practices, attitudes and mentalities tending to self-preserve and self-reproduce, in a relative and independent manner from the external changes and pressure, having the role of a “filter” in the relationship school has with the social system. Around the world, schools and the societies of which they are part, are confronting the most profound changes. What follows is uncertain and unclear. The different directions of change can seem conflicting and are often contested. Decentralized systems of school self-management are accompanied by centralized systems of curriculum and assessment control. The present social context is troubled by questions, diversity, complexity, space and time parameters changing, schools thus having to adjust to new requirements that restrain and are sometimes contrary. The new conditions of dynamic change will require from school and its people the capacity to work with diametrically opposed forces.

Sursele medievale și discursul istoric în România comunistă - o perspectivă de abordare critică

Asist. drd. Carmen Alexandrache

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Abstract: Approaching the medieval history has become an extremely finicky measure, but is necessary for a better understanding of what is happening around us, for revaluating personal experience or cultivating and moulding superior values and attitudes, as well as positive socio-civic competences. This history allows the formation of general competencies concerning: investigating and interpreting facts and historical processes, by using methods of analysis and communication, correlating historical sources, encouraging interest for research, learning the steps in projecting a historical investigation, identifying and interpreting the information (characteristic to the document, words, concepts, details).

Impactul factorului politic asupra studierii literaturii române în şcoala anilor '50

Asist. univ. drd. Iuliana Barna

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Abstract: With this paper, the author proposes a rigorous analysis in Roman literature about how writers have been studied in school 50 years. The study emphasizes the criteria that are accepted the works of writers in school textbooks and also how literary models promoted in that period.

Reflecţii ale eticii ecologice în literatura epocii totalitare

Asist. univ. drd Caciuc Viorica-Torii

Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Abstract: The author studies in this work the reflection of ethic relations between the interests of human –beings and of non-human beings in literature. Next, it will be made a literary-philosophic analysis of the inherent value of the nature, emphasized by the aesthetic characteristic of being natural etc., and in the same time it will be followed the impact that literature has on the formation of ecologic conscience and behaviour of the young generations.

Influenţa personajelor literare asupra

formării identităţii de gen

Asist. univ. drd. Rodica Ţocu

Universitatea “Dunărea de Jos”, Galaţi

Abstract: The society, through social and cultural values, becomes one of the most influential factors that can influence the self conception of an individual. However, many people don't realize the extent to which stories and literary characters, as role models, influence our behavior and even shape our gender identity. This article underlies the effect that feminine literary characters have in modern society on feminine role models constructions.