Analele Universitatii "Stefan cel Mare" Suceava
série Filologie, B: Literatura
Tome 14, 1/2008
Suceava, Editura Universitatii din Suceava, 2008
ISSN:15842886
Ce volume propose une série d'articles autour du théme "Mythe de la métamorphose" (constituant le dossier critique); des articles d'exégèse diverse; des comptes rendus critiques.
Parmi les contributions au dossier critique: Totemism si metamorfoza (Cornelia Manicuta); Le mythe d'Oedipe et ses métamorphoses (Efstratia Oktapoda); Métamorphoses de Barbe Bleue sous la plume des femmes (Muguras Constantinescu); Représentation de Tanger dans l'oeuvre d'Ahmed Beroho (Najib Redouane); Infanticide, métamorphose et renaissance dans le Fils de la nuit de Monique Agénor (Cécile-Alice Jouannaux); Gros-Câlin et la métamorphose manquée (Claudia Almeida).
I. MITUL METAMORFOZEI
7
Elena-Brânduşa STEICIUC şi Cornelia MĂNICUŢĂ, Introducere / Avant-propos / Introduction
9
Cornelia MĂNICUŢĂ, Totemism şi „metamorfoză“
13
Efstratia OKTAPODA, Le mythe d'Oedipe et ses métamorphoses
25
Eleonora Vratskidou, Pygmalion désenchanté
35
Myriam White-Le Goff, Mélusine: l'envol de la dragonne, de la fée à la femme, ou la littérature métamorphique
45
Cristina Noacco, La métamorphose, la fée et l'enchanteurdans la littérature française des XIIe et XIIIe siècles
51
Muguraş CONSTANTINESCU, Metamorphoses de Barbe Blue sous la plume des femmes
57
Constantin DRAM, Mit şi pretext în pre-modernitate
63
Ilaria Vitali, Femmes et métamorphoses dans les Mille et Une Nuits
73
Najib REDOUANE, Représentation de Tanger dans l'oeuvre d'Ahmed Beroho
79
Cécile-Alice JOUANNAUX, Infanticide, métamorphose et renaissance dans le «Fils de la Nuit» de Monique Agénor
95
Daniela CĂTĂU-VEREŞ, Le plaisir du mythe et l'autofiction chez Marguerite Duras
105
Nelly Sanchez, La Baronne de Caumont, une sphinge fin de siècle
115
Claudia Almeida, Gros-Câlin et la métamorphose manquée
123
Simonetta Micale, Metamorphoses de Claude Simon: Le paradoxe de la photographie
133
Philippe Willocq, Métamorphose et contamination du lecteur dans Truismes de Marie Darrieussecq
139
Daniela PETROŞEL, Zogru sau pelerin prin sângele muritor
147
Velichka IVANOVA, Quand l'Autre prend corps en moi: la metamorphose
153
Jocelyne Le Ber, L'École des veuves, une métamorphose de la Matrone d'Éphèse
159
Sébastien Bouchard, L'obsession de la métamorphose dans un florilège d'oeuvres littéraires européennes du XXe siècle
179
II. EXEGEZE
189
Bernard URBANI, Les représentations de l'adolescent et de l'adulte dans La Mort à Venise de Thomas Mann
191
Raluca HERGHELIGIU, Thomas Mann und Marcel Proust als Antimoderne Unkonventionelle Einstellungen zur geschichtlichen Zeit und zur Zeitgenossenschaft
213
Barbara M. Stone, Rural Education in a Selection of Novels by Emile Zola. The Pleasure of Knowledge and the Knowledge of Pleasure
223
Ovidiu MORAR, Poezia Mariei Banuş
237
Constantin Tiron, Un «roman de la terre» emblématique de l'espace québécois: Trente arpents de Ringuet
253
III. RECENZII
261
La Francophonie dans les Balkans. Voix des femmes, sous la direction de Efstratia Oktapoda-Lu et Vassiliki Lalagianni, Introduction de Georges Freris, Paris, Ed. Publisud, 2006, 227 p. (Elena-Brânduşa STEICIUC)
263
Omul şi mitul. Fiinţa umană şi aventura spiritului întru cunoaştere. Dimensiune mitică şi demitizare, Editura Universităţii Suceava, 2007, 534 p. (Alexandra Anicolăsei)
265
INTER LITTERAS ET TERRAS, Vol. I, Editura Universităţii din Suceava, 2007, 408 p. (Cristina HETRIUC)
269
Assia Djebar, collection «Autour des écrivains maghrébins», coord. Najib Redouane şi Yvette Bénayoun-Szmidt, Editions L'Harmattan, Paris, 2008, 382 p. (Elena-Brânduşa STEICIUC)
272
Dumitru Solomon, Anii „Jurnalului”. O sinteză scenică, Editura Hasefer, Bucureşti, 2007, 191 p. (Emanuela DRAGOTĂ)
273
Mihail Sebastian, Itinerar spiritual francez, Editura Hasefer, Bucureşti, 2007, 506 p. (Emanuela DRAGOTĂ)
276
Totemism şi„metamorfoză”
CorneliaMĂNICUŢĂ,
Universitstea „Ştefancel Mare”, Suceava
Résumé: ChezSadoveanu, les sens profonds de la fiction, souvent occultés, sont signalésaussi par l'onomastique. Le nom des personnages peut être vu comme un «signe»de l'origine et des fonctions qu'il accomplit dans l'univers fictif. Lesanthroponymes peuvent indiquer l'appartenance à une communauté (famille) avecdes traits distinctifs (Venea o moară pe Siret) ou à un milieu culturel (Baltagul),ils peuvent signaler une expérience existentielle (Ochi de urs, FraţiiJderi), suivie parfois d'un convertissement spirituel (Creanga de aur, Nopţile de Sânziene). Dans tous ses cas, lespersonnages sont identifiés par un nom d'animal qui indique leur originetotémique et leur signification mythologique dans la fiction littéraire. Leurphysionomie porte des caractéristiques zoomorphes et leur comportement suggèredes analogies avec celui des animaux silvestres et aquatiques, que Sadoveanuconnaît lors de ses expérineces cynégétiques. D'autre part, les animauxpoursuivis par le chassseur sont surpris dans des circonstancesanthropomorphes, avec des attitudes et des réactions humaines. Les commentairesdu narrateur soutiennent la thèse de la relation substantielle entre lechassseur et la chasse, comme la relation homme/ animal totémique. L'argumentle plus convaincant est la célébration de Diane (Sânziana) dans la culture roumaine traditionnelle en tant que protectrice de laforêt, implicitement, des animaux de la forêt, dont les plus importants sontl'ours et le loup.
Mots-clés:onomastique; anthroponymes; origine totémique; animaux silvestres/aquafiques;l'ours; le loup
Lemythe d'Oedipe et ses métamorphoses
Efstratia OKTAPODA,
Université de Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV),France
Abstract: The myth ofOedipus is a long disambiguation and the history of relations between myth andliterature is surely very particular. More than other myths, the myth ofOedipus has been quickly associated to a literary work so that Occidentalpeople have confounded Oedipus with Oedipusthe King or Oedipus at Colonus,and the same myth with Sophocles' tragedies. If in the past we had no otherknowledge of the myth that the literary heritage, it seems that today we assistto a renaissance of myth which gets an important meaning into the literary andpsychoanalytic collective conscience. A true metamorphose which allowsreinventing the speech on Oedipus. Gide, Cocteau, Robbe-Grillet or Anouilh: thereference to Sophocles is always accompanied to a refusal of Sophocles. Thisshowed the born of few modern Oedipus, got rid of the first myth. Gide's Oedipus (1931), Cocteau's The Infernal Machine (1934),Robbe-Grillet's The Erasers (1953)and Anouilh's Oedipe ou le roi boiteux(Oedipus, or the Lame King) (1978)show clearly the metabolism of archetypal myth.
Key-words: tragedy; literary heritage; myth;reference/refusal of Sophocles; archetype
Pygmalion désenchantÉ
Eleonora Vratskidou,
Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales,France
Abstract: From the secondhalf of the 18th century onward, Pygmalion's story has acquired a remarkableimportance for Romantic representations of the artist, functioning primarily asa myth of artistic creation. This paper presents a 19th century Greekrenarration of the myth: the poem Pygmalion, ancient myth (1869) ofDimitris Paparrigopoulos. The interest of this epic poem resides in itsinversion of the original signification of the metamorphosis found at the coreof the myth: the animation of Pygmalion's beloved statue, which traditionallyexalted the power of art to generate life, becomes here a vehicle fordenouncing art as a source of illusion and disenchantment.
Key-words:Romanticism; representation of the artist; artistic creation; illusion;disenchantment
MÉlusine: l'envol de ladragonne,
de la fÉe À la femme, ou lalittÉrature métamorphique
Myriam White-LeGoff,
Université d'Artois, France
Abstract: Metamorphosis lies at the heart of the Melusinian legend. It concernsthe passing from one kingdom to another since the fairy, appearing as a woman,can transform into a boar or, especially, a serpent or dragon. Melusine is atrue spirit of Nature, wherein lies the explanation of her ability to assume theaspects of different creatures: metamorphosis expresses the fairy's veryessence, as attested by the troubling theme of motherhood with which she isassociated. Still, transformation of the beauty is not based solely in bodilychange as Melusine is seeking a soul and aspiring to become a human woman inorder to obtain salvation. This powerful metamorphic theme both engenders andmotivates the rewritings of the legend in a variety of forms, from tale topoem, to drama or to novel, as shown by a rapid chronology. It is thus literature itself which becomes metamorphic.
Key-words: legend; fairy; spirit of Nature;motherhood; salvation; beauty; metamorphic theme; rewriting; drama; novel
Lamétamorphose, la fÉe et l'enchanteur dans la littÉrature française des XIIeet XIIIe siÈcles
CristinaNoacco,
Universitéde Toulouse II-Le Mirail, France
Abstract: This article deals with the analysis of metamorphosisseen as the result of a magic action; it takes into account literary works ofthe XIIth and XIIIth centuries, during which magic reliedon a deep knowledge of nature, by fairies, who learned the secrets of naturefrom Merlin.
Key-words: metamorphosis; magic; fairy; tale; Middle Age
METAMORPHOSES de Barbe Bleue SOUS LA PLUME Desfemmes
Muguraş CONSTANTINESCU,
Universitatea „Ştefan cel Mare”, Suceava
Abstract: In Perrault's storiesthere is a certain amount of irony towards women, which was probably aninfluence of his century. This article deals with certain re-writings of hisstories, by women-writers, in which this “macho” attitude is less visible.
Key-words: metamorphosis; women writers; fairy tale; rewriting; re-construction;imaginary
MIT ŞIPRETEXT ÎN PRE-MODERNITATE
ConstantinDRAM,
Universitatea„Al. I. Cuza”, Iaşi
Abstract: The romance of Tristan and Iseult owes its success – both during theMiddle Ages and in the modern age – to the theme of love and death, associatedwith that of adulterous love, both of them being subordinated to the theme ofDestiny. The possibility of the multiple interpretations of the story, that is,the ambiguity of the narrative, is generated by the mythical motivation ofhuman behaviour, which has led to the rise of a new cultural myth, that of thetrinity Eros–magic–nature. Don Quixote (the illusion of Eros) and RobinsonCrusoe (the absence of Eros) may be seen as modern replies to the myth ofTristan and Iseult.
Key-words: Middle Age; romance; modern age; adulterous love; Destiny; narrativeambiguity; cultural myth; Eros; magic; nature
Femmes et métamorphoses dans les Mille et Une Nuits
Ilaria Vitali,
Université deBologna, Italie
Abstract: TheThousand and One Nights is a book rich in metamorphosesand transfigurations. Magic is a main theme and is continuouslyreverberated by the book structure of stories-inside-stories. The narrativewheel of the Arabian Nights includes the well-known djinns, but also a dazzling train of women, witches or sorceresses,which exercise the art of metamorphosis on the opposite sex. Victims of theirsupernatural and sometimes capricious power, men are changed into dogs orturned half to stone. Which is the role played by these metamorphoses in thetext? In which way these sorceresses help to develop the discourse of thesultana perched on the edge of the chasm of death? In the light of these questions, this article focuses on the relationship between women andmetamorphoses in the book of TheThousand and One Nights.
Key-words: metamorphosis; transfiguration; women; magic;story-inside-story; supernatural theme
Représentation de Tanger dans l'oeuvre d'Ahmed Beroho
NajibREDOUANE,
California State University, Long Beach, U.S.A.
Abstract: Throughout the centuries, Tangiers has been conducive to an atmosphere of exchange where a plurality of cultures and people have met and been enriched by their diversities. Situated at the crossroads of Europe and the African continents, its geographical position, its international status and the singularity of its landscapes have captivated many travelers and explorers.Tangiers has also inspired a mysterious and deep fascination, making it an artistic inspiration for novelists, poets, painters and musicians. In this study we shall examine the various perspectives of Tangiers as represented in the entire literary work of Ahmed Beroho, a native and fervent admirer of this unforgettable city.
Key-words: Marocco identity; exchange; plurality of cultures; Tangers; historic novels
INFANTICIDE,métamorphose et renaissance dans Le «Filsde la Nuit» de Monique Agénor
Cécile-Alice JOUANNAUX,
Université Paris III Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris,France
Abstract: In the short story «Le Fils de la Nuit»written by the francophonic author Monique Agénor, a baby is going to besacrified because he was born at a ‘‘wrong moment''. Thanks to the ceremony hisfather hold, he lives a metamorphosis of his own person after his death: hissoul goes into the body of a sacred snake. This article explains the rites ofthe baby's sacrifice on a first hand, and on the second hand, hismetamorphosis' process called «metempsycosis». Then, this article shows howMonique Agénor denunciates the blind respect of inhumanistic traditions in theIsle of Madagascar.
Key-words: Francophonie; Madagascar; metamorphosis; rites;sacrifice; metempsychosis
Leplaisir du mythe et l'autofiction
chezMarguerite Duras
Daniela CĂTĂU-VEREŞ,
Universitatea „Ştefan cel Mare”, Suceava
Abstract: The autofiction and autobiography are the two tendencies that framethe writing of writer Marguerite Duras, the two possible interpretations evokedby the literary criticism concerning her writings. Duras was telling that shelived the reality as a myth, in this way she was contesting any direct clueconcerning at her life in her writing. Understanding her work we distinguishtwo critic directions concerning her source of inspiration: either Duras hasbeen inspiring from her own life and she was writing an autobiography, or shewas considering her writing as the fruit of imaginary reality, metamorphosis,and the writer is considered as a artist of autofiction. Nothing must surprisethe reader, because it can be seen from the beginning, that this writer likesto invent, to disorientate and to make difficulty reader's thinking. Theambiguity is the keyword of the existence and her work.
Key-words: autofiction; autobiography; reality; myth; invention; ambiguity
La Baronne de Caumont, une sphinge fin de siècle
Nelly Sanchez,
Université Michel de Montaigne Bordeaux 3,France
Abstract: La Baronne de Caumont, unesphinge fin de siècle deals withLa Marquise de Sade (1897), one ofthe most famous Rachilde novels. This paper attempts to show how this female writer used again the Oedipusmyth. Inspired by Naturalism, she enlarged the Sphinge figure to create hermain character: the baronne de Caumont. The plot of this novel shows how thiswoman became sadistic and cruel after being subjected many perversions.
Rachildedidn't develop the Oedipus figure, this heroe looks like a submissive man,frightened by the female monster. In spite of his behaviour, he's the onlycharacter to stay alive after meeting the baronne.
Key-words:Oedipus myth; naturalism; Sphinge figure; sadism; perversion; female monster
Gros-Câlin et lamétamorphose manquée
Claudia Almeida,
UERJ, Rio de Janeiro,Brasil
Abstract: In 1974 a big litterary trick begins: Emile Ajar. Six years and four texts later, a testament book by Romain Gary stated that Emile Ajar was actually his pseudonym. Neverthless, Emile Ajar's litterary work was strong and really different from Romain Gary's books. All of the important themes treated by the forged author are in his first book, Gros-Câlin. In this article we analyse the attempts of being born - the mimicry, the moulting and the failed metamorphosis - made by the narrator in this text and their relations with the double life of Romain Gary and Emile Ajar.
Key-words: pseudonym; fake/multiple identity; narrative techniques; self-creation
MÉTAMORPHOSESDE CLAUDE SIMON: LE PARADOXE DE LA PHOTOGRAPHIE
SimonettaMicale,
Universitàdi Messina, Italia
«Le Poète est pareil, en sa vainepensée,
à Phoebus poursuivant Daphné surle chemin,
Et son art est l'éclat d'uneforme passée
Dont il ne garde rien qu'unlaurier dans sa main.»
L.-A.Gauthier-Ferrière
Abstract: Simon's thematicuniverse is composed of matter that is constantly being reshaped, starting withthe corruption of the existing world, to produce diverse realities which arenever fully differentiated. Not only people and objects, but the writing itselfis dismantled and reassembled, both within individual texts and in the author'swork as a whole. In the light of this all-encompassing metamorphosis, thedefinitive nature of Photography, which aims to offer a durable form to theworld, represents a paradox which the author attempts to resolve in a varietyof ways.
Key-words: dismantled reality;paradox; photography; decomposing; reconfiguration; baroque
Métamorphose etcontamination du lecteur dans Truismes de Marie Darrieussecq
Philippe Willocq,
lInstitut Supérieur d'Enseignement Libre, Liège (I.S.E.L.L.), Belgique
Abstract: Truismes in French (or Pigtales in English), the first and most famous novel of the French writerMarie Darrieussecq, is not just a “story of lust and transformation”. The slowprocess of metamorphosis runs through it as an undermining scheme contaminatingthe multiple levels of narration.
Thereader in praesentia continues to exist throughout marks of subtleredundancies. A toying within the mind, in the narrative continuum, takes overthe sensational evidence that we, as readers, are part of the whole writing andreading process.
However,at the moment of our sensations becomes our belief, the narrator excludes thereader making him in absentia. That modifying turns achieves the brutalmetamorphosis of the reader, perhaps announcing - after what Roland Barthescalled “La mort de l'auteur” - the reader's death. Or would it be a differentway to question our whole reading behaviour and consciousness? That is what this article proposes to explore.
Key-words: lust;transformation; process of metamorphosis; reader in praesentia; writing/reading process
Zogru sau pelerin prinsângele muritor
Daniela Petroşel,
Universitatea„Ştefan cel Mare”, Suceava
Abstract: Oneof the most original contemporary Romanian writers, Doina Ruşti is anactive public figure, publishing books about mass-media, cinematography andliterary criticism. Her second novel, Zogru, seen by critics as a solidfictional production, it is the story of an unearthly spirit named Zogru. Hispicaresque adventure invites the reader to travel among and through humans andto witness their spiritual and physical experiences.
Key-words: picaresque adventures;metamorphosis; history; fantastic novel; the vampire myth
Quand l'Autre prend corps en moi:la métamorphose
Velichka IVANOVA,
Université Paris III-Sorbonne Nouvelle
Abstract. On the boundarybetween identity and difference, metamorphosis illustrates one of the possibleattitudes of the I to its inner Other. This relationship is analyzed inthree works: "The Nose" by Gogol (1883), The Metamorphosis byKafka (1912) and The Breast by Roth (1972). In these narratives,metamorphosis reveals aspects of the I that it ignores. The transformations affirmthat identity is multiple and dynamic. The confrontation with the inner Otherthreatens the protagonists with disintegration. On the other hand,metamorphosis inspires the writers and their readers. It creates fictionalsituations where they can test contradictory variants of themselves thatotherwise they would prefer to mute.
Key-words: identity/alterity;metamorphosis; multiple identity; disintegration; fictional situations
L'École des veuves, une métamorphose de la Matroned'Éphèse
Jocelyne Le Ber,
Collègemilitaire royal Kingston du Canada
Abstract: By being presented in the form of a réécrivain i.e.a writer-reader who interprets old texts, Cocteau opened the way with themodern idea that the writing is always a rewriting, even a metamorphosis, madeby words and images, sounds and of gestures. Cocteau renovates the mythicaltale of Pétrone and wrote “a very free adaptation”. He gives to the novel ofPétrone, a dialogued form, that is to say an act made up of six scenes ofunequal lengths, which he conceives like a “farce de tréteau [1]”. Cocteauadapts the ancient tale for a public of the XXth century by writing a dialogue“simple et écrit en gros caractères pour être compris de tous”.
Key-words: writing/rewriting; metamorphosis; adaption;dialogue; ancient tale; erotic triangles
L'obsession de la métamorphose dans un florilèged'oeuvres littéraires européennes du XXe siècle
Sébastien Bouchard,
Université Laval,Québec – Université de Rouen, France
Abstract:Many European writers of the twentieth century, taking acritical look at civilization, have either noted, denounced or wished a “metamorphosis”of man into animal. GeorgesBataille even speaks of a “metamorphosis obsession” totheorize the desire of civilized man to behave like a wild animal. This articlepresents the major ways in which such as a “metamorphosis obsession” manifestsitself in a series of twentieth century European literary works, where thisobsession has become, shall we say, evenmore obsessional. Three types of metamorphosis are discussed: assimilation(where all men are likened to animals), dehumanization (where a group of menare treated like animals) and animalization (where one believes that men mustassume their animal nature to become fully human). All three approaches aim toprove that civilization has failed to “debestialize” man, if it is not, toman's greater shame, by reducing him at the state of an inferior or domesticanimal.
Key-words: metamorphosis; obsession; assimilation; dehumanization; animalization
Lesreprésentations de l'adolescent et de l'adulte dans La Mort à Venise de Thomas Mann
Bernard URBANI,
Universitéd'Avignon, France
Abstract: Our study deals with the image of the teenager in Death in Veniceby Thomas Mann. Tadzio, the graceful, tender Polish boy on a holiday, is anambiguous, androgynous figure. His smile enthralls the sickly Aschenbach whofalls prey to a mute and desperate old-age quest while on the verge of death.
The figure of the teenager is delineated by a specific social class :beauty is matched with nobility. Tadzio is the symbol of civilization andrefinement (cf. Plato's Banquet and Phedra, Xenophon, Mercury inOdysseus, the psychopompous Hermes, etc). Culture bolsters Aschenbach's love and feeds his innermythology. The teenager becomes the mysterious hero capable of changingAschenbach's vision of ideal love. Body and desire can henceforth triumph overthe soul. Tadzio (Beauty, Purity, Passionate Love), transgressing allinterdicts, is the instrument of Venus and the old man is her prey. He drawsthe old man away from the world of reason towards the world of passion... anabortive passion inspired by the god of Love and leading him to death. Yet the young man is not important inhimself. More significant is his representation in the mind of the old manrunning after his wasted youth around the deserted streets of Venice. Desireitself matters more than the object of desire. As if transfigured by it, theold man ends up temporarily embellished by self-love rather than lust. But noone can go through their own life again; nor can we tread the wonderland ofyouth anew, even if the price to pay isutter degradation. Death alone can lead back to things past, but love itself ishelpless.
Key-words: androgyne figure; old-age quest; death; teenager; refinement; desire;mythology; interdicts
Thomas Mann und Marcel Proust als AntimoderneUnkonventionelle Einstellungen zur geschichtlichen Zeit und zurZeitgenossenschaft
Raluca HERGHELIGIU,
Universitatea„Ştefan cel Mare“, Suceava
Résumé: L'article sepropose une vision générale sur les positions que ThomasMann et Marcel Proust abordent à l'égarddu temps historique et des éléments définitoires de la contemporanéité, tout ensoulignant les penchants communs qui relèvent de leur caractère antimoderne. Apartir de la définition de l'antimoderne proposée par Antoine Compagnon (LesAntimodernes, 2005) l'auteur de l'article entreprend une analyse inéditede certains passages significatifs de la littérature et surtout des écritsautobiographiques des deux écrivains. L'attitude ironique quant aux clichés dereprésentation promus par la Révolution Française (les principes de ladémocratie y tiennent une place importante), le refus de l'idée de toute hiérarchiedans les arts, l'ignorance de la chronologie et des bouleversements sociaux(surtout chez Proust) et l'apolitisme souvent déclaré sont considérés comme destraits antimodernistes spécifiques pour Thomas Mann et pour Proust.
Mots-clés: tempshistorique; antimodern; autobiographie; ironie; apolitisme
RuralEducation in a Selection of Novels by Emile Zola.
The Pleasure of Knowledge and the Knowledge ofPleasure
Barbara M. Stone,
University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Résumé: Bien quel'éducation ne soit pas un thème majeur des Rougon-Macquart,elle fait partie quand même de l'attaque d' Emile Zola contre le régime duSecond Empire. Allant plus loin que les études précédentes qui ont examinéprincipalement l'éducation des jeunes filles dans l'oeuvre zolienne, cet articletraite la représentation de l'éducation dans le contexte rural. Comme lesuggère le sous-titre, la tension entre l'éducation (le plaisir desconnaissances) et la procréation (la connaissance du plaisir) reflète une desquestions les plus importantes abordéespar Zola à travers le cycle des Rougon-Macquartet les séries qui le suivent, c'est-à-dire l'équilibre nécessaire entre lathéorie et la pratique qui caractérisera les hommes et les femmes de la sociéténouvelle qu'envisage Zola.
Mots-clés: SecondEmpire; education; contexte rural; connaissance; plaisir
PoeziaMariei Banuş
Ovidiu MORAR,
Universitatea „Ştefan cel Mare”, Suceava
Abstract:This study emphasizes the evolution of one of the foremost Romanian poetessafter the war, Maria Banus. If her first volume, Ţara fetelor (1937), wasobviously marked by the influence of the avant-garde, after the war Maria Banushad to pay a heavy tribute to the “socialistrealism” imported from the U.S.S.R. However, after 1960 she regained herauthentic voice and she even managed to produce some of the most important booksof Romanian poetry at the end of the century, Tocmai ieşeam din arenă(1967), Portretul din Fayum (1969), Oricine şi ceva(1972), Noiembrie inocentul (1981) etc.
Key-words: avant-garde; socialist realism; poetry;Jewish writer
Un«roman de la terre» emblématique de l'espace québécois: Trente arpents de Ringuet
Constantin Tiron,
Universitatea „Ştefan cel Mare”, Suceava
Abstract: The concept of FrancophoneLiterature was first used byGerard Tougas in his work “FrenchLanguage Writers and France” (1973).In time, the term came to be also known as Frenchlanguage literature or new literaryspaces. Getting closer to the Francophone literature means opening up tothe world, embarking on a genuine dialogue among cultures and embracing theidea of cultural globalization. Québec literature, which is a French language literature, is also knownunder the name of French-Canadianliterature. The explanation is given by the very influence that Frenchliterature has always exerted on Canadian literature. An important part ofFrancophone literature, French-Canadian literature is very popular around theworld due to a few established representatives such as Louis Hémon, Felix-AntoineSavard, Ringuet, Anne Hébert and Yves Beauchemin.
Our paper, called “Thirty Acres - Novel of the Land”, is a possible interpretation of the novel “Thirty Acres” written by Philippe Paneton, author known under thepseudonym Ringuet. The novel was published in 1938 and is considered to closethe so-called literature of the land age,a literary movement which had a long life in Québec. Those who speak about“land”, they speak about “heritage” and “traditions”. As a consequence, the aimof this stream of novels of the landis to persuade the people to remain in the countryside and thus put an end torural exodus. Ringuet's novel “ThirtyAcres” also belongs to this literary current and relates the life of afarmer named Euchariste Moisan, who deserts his nativeland in order to live in the United States. The novel holds different meanings:it is the story of a family, a psychological novel, a history of a culture andeven a bildungsroman. In other words, it is a valuable novel, a corner-stone ofthe special identity which is Québec identity, within the larger context of Francophone literature.
Key-words: Francophone literature; new literary spaces;Québec literature; the land age; heritage; traditions