Charles-Joseph Natoire and the Académie de France in Rome: a re-evaluation
Reed Benhamou
ISBN 978-0-7294-1162-2, xviii+254 pages, £60.00
Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment 2015:04
In 1752 Charles-Joseph Natoire, then a highly successful painter, assumed the directorship of the prestigious Académie de France in Rome. Twenty-three years later he was removed from office, criticised as being singularly inept. What was the basis for this condemnation that has been perpetuated by historians ever since? Reed Benhamou’s re-evaluation of Natoire’s life and work at the Académie is the first to weigh the prevailing opinion against the historical record.
The accusations made against Charles-Joseph Natoire were many and varied: that his artistic work was increasingly unworthy of serious study; that he demeaned his students; that he was a religious bigot; that he was a fraudulent book-keeper. Benhamou evaluates these and other charges in the light of contemporary correspondences, critics’ assessment of his work, legal briefs, royal accounts and the parallel experiences of his precursors and successors at the Académie. The director’s role is shown to be multifaceted and no director succeeded in every area. What is arresting is why Natoire was singled out as being uniquely weak, uniquely bigoted, uniquely incompetent. The Charles-Joseph Natoire who emerges from this book differs in nearly every respect from the unflattering portrait promulgated by historians and popular media. His increasingly iconoclastic students rebelled against the traditional qualities valued by the French artistic elite; the Académie went underfunded because of the effects of war and a profligate king, and he was caught between two competing institutional regimes. In this book Reed Benhamou not only unravels the myth and reality surrounding Natoire, but also also sheds light on the workings of the institution he served for nearly a quarter of a century.
Introduction
Part I (1700-1751)
1. In the bosom of the family (Natoire, 1751)
2. His gift for painting (d’Antin, 1723)
3. The brilliant verve of Natoire and Boucher (Locquin, 1912)
4. Natoire is the most qualified (Tournehem, 1750)
Part II (1752-1777)
5. It seems necessary to pass some time in Rome (Perrault, 1664)
6. A deep understanding of what is required (d’Antin, 1708)
7. My position requires it (Natoire, 1755)
8. Completely inadequate for a difficult time (Lecoy, 1874)
9. This strayed lamb (Natoire, 1753)
10. Never a more singular case (Mémoires secrets, 1768)
11. I’ve been advancing money to the Academy for a long time (Natoire, 1773)
12. I must obey and conform (Natoire, 1775)
Appendix 1: Natoire and art (1737-1777)
Appendix 2: Natoire and money (1752-1777)
Bibliography
Index
Parution de la Voltaire Foundation, dans la collection des Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment.
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